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English grammar: 100 main rules - стр. 2

the marines, the moderns, the nobles, the regulars, the Russians


The Conservativesare leading in the polls.

If you want to see the true measure of a man, watch how he treats hisinferiors,not hisequals.


4) substantivized adjectives indicate abstract notions. such adjectives agree with a singular verb.

the future, the past, the present, the plural, the singular, the unknown, the unreal, the variable, the visible


The obviousis fabulous, butthe fabulousis obvious.

You should usethe Future Simplein this sentence.

RULE 11. Syntactic Functions of Adjectives

Syntactic Functions of Adjectives

1. Attribute

We liked thatwarmmeeting.

I hear somepleasantmusic.


Note

There is a particular order for adjectives to describe a noun.

Opinion – SizeShapeColourPatternAge

– OriginMaterialPurpose + Noun

a clever young British professor

two nice tiny round black old metal musical boxes

that beautiful swift white new sailing boat


2. Predicate

The meeting waswarm.

Your mother lookssad.

I feelgoodabout the offer.


A predicate adjective follows a linking verb (to be, to seem, to appear, to look, to taste, to smell, to feel, to sound), but it refers to the subject of the sentence.


3. Subject and Object (Substantivized adjectives)

The unemployeddemanded concrete programs of public works.

The youngshould help the old.

RULE 12. Cardinal and Ordinal Numerals


RULE 13. Fractional Numerals. Operations with Numerals

Fractional Numerals

Common fraction

The numerator is a cardinal number; the denominator is an ordinal number.

1/2 – one (a) half

1/3 – one (a) third

1/4 – one (a) quarter

1/5 – one (a) fifth

1/6 – one (a) sixth


If the numenator is more than one, then the denominator is used in plural.

2/3 – two thirds

3/4 – three quarters

5/6 – five sixths


Decimal fraction

Each digit is pronounced separately.


25. 105 – two five point one nought five

0.746 – nought point seven four six


Operations with Numerals

1. Addition

1+2=3 – one plus two is (equals) three; 1, 2 – the addends, 3 – the sum


2. Subtraction

3–2=1 – three minus two is (makes) one; 3 – the minuend, 2 – the subtrahend, 1 – the difference


3. Multiplication

3*2=6 – three multiplied by two/twice three is six; 3 – the multiplicand, 2 – the multiplier, 6 – the product


4. Division

6:2=3 – six divided by two is three; 6 – the dividend, 2 – the divisor, 3 – the quotient

RULE 14. Numerals for Time Expressions

RULE 15. Syntactical Functions of Numerals

Syntactical Functions of Numerals

1. Attribute

Do you know thesevenwonders? This is Andrew'sthirdtrip abroad.


2. Subject

Four of themdidn't join us.

2004, 2008and2012are leap years.


3. Predicative

They werethe first.

It'sfiveo'clock.


4. Object

How many apples has he eaten? He's eatenthree.

Show me thosetwo,please.

RULE 16. Personal Pronouns

RULE 17. Possessive Pronouns

RULE 18. Absolute Form of Possessive Pronouns

RULE 19. Reflexive Pronouns

RULE 20. Intensive Pronouns

Note

Intensive pronouns do not substitute nouns, but intensify their meaning.


You must make that choiceyourself.

Andrew repaired the bikehimself.

We want to go thereourselves.

RULE 21. Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns point to a certain object or person that can be either near or far in distance or time.

Note

1) Attribute

Thissituation is incredible.

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