Английский язык. Speaking 1 ОГЭ, ЕГЭ - стр. 8
Text 8
The first linguistic theories appeared around the 5th century B.C. in India, Greece, Rome, and China. In order to understand texts better, the first linguists studied different aspects of the language, philosophy, and culture. Most early studies in India were based on ancient songs. For the first time, ancient linguists distinguished words as nouns and verbs. This is how parts of speech appeared. Grammar and phonetics were later developed in Greece and Rome. Chinese linguists wrote the first dictionaries of synonyms. The first dictionary of the English language appeared much later, in 1755. It had 40,000 words.
Eht first citsiugnil theories dereappa around the 5th yrutnec B.C. in Aidni, Greece, Emor, and China. Ni order to dnatsrednu texts retteb, the first stsiugnil studied different stcepsa of the language, yhposolihp, and culture. Tsom early seiduts in India erew based no ancient sgnos. For eht first time, tneicna linguists distinguished sdrow as nouns and sbrev. This is how parts of hceeps appeared. Rammarg and scitenohp were later depoleved in Greece and Emor. Chinese stsiugnil wrote the first seiranoitcid of synonyms. Eht first dictionary of ehtHsilgne language deraeppa much later, in 1755. It dah 40,000 sdrow.
Thefirs tlin gui sticth eo riesapp eare darou ndth e5t hcentu ry B.C.inI nd ia, G ree ce, Ro me, an dChina. Ino rder tounders tandte xts b et ter, t hefi rstl ing uis tsstudi eddiffe rentaspe ctso fthelan gua ge, phil osop hy, andcultur e. Moste arlystu diesin Indiawe reba sedonan cients on gs. Fort he f irstt ime, ancie ntl ing uistsdistingu ishedwo rdsasn ounsan dverb s. Thisishowp artso fsp ee ch a pp ear ed. Gr amm arandph on eticswe rel aterde velope dinG reec ea ndR ome. C hine seli ngu istswro teth efir std ictiona riesofsyn onym s. Thef irstdic ti onar yo fth eE ng li shlangu ageappe aredmuchla ter, in 1755. Ith ad40,000 wo rds.
.sdrow 000,04 dah tI.5571 ni, retal hcum deraeppa egaugnal hsilgnE eht fo yranoitcid tsrif ehT. smynonys fo seiranoitcid tsrif eht etorw stsiugnil esenihC. emoR dna eceerG ni depoleved retal erew scitenohp dna rammarG. deraeppa hceeps fo strap woh si sihT. sbrev dna snuon sa sdrow dehsiugnitsid stsiugnil tneicna, emit tsrif eht roF. sgnos tneicna no desab erew aidnI ni seiduts ylrae tsoM. erutluc dna, yhposolihp, egaugnal eht fo stcepsa tnereffid deiduts stsiugnil tsrif eht, retteb stxet dnatsrednu ot redro nI. anihC dna, emoR, eceerG, aidnI ni. C.B yrutnec ht5 eht dnuora deraeppa seiroeht citsiugnil tsrif ehT
.sdr ow 000,04da htI.5571 ni, ret alhcumdera eppaega ugnalhs il gn Ee htf oy rano it cidtsri fehT. s myno nysfoseir anoitci dts rife htet orwstsi ugn iles enih C. emo Rdn ae ceer Gnid epolev edreta ler ewscite no hpdnara mma rG. de rae pp a hc ee psf ostra pwohsisihT. s brevd nasnuo nsasdr owdehsi ugnitsidstsiu gni ltn eicna, emi ttsri f eh troF. sg no stneic nanodes aber ewaidnI niseid utsylra etsoM. e rutlucdna, yh poso lihp, eg aug nalehtf ostc epsatner effidde idutsst siu gni ltsr ifeh t, ret te b stx etdnat srednuot redr onI. anihCd na, em oR, ec eer G, ai dn Ini. C.B yr utnech t5e htdn uorad erae ppaseir oe htcits iug nilt srifehT
Text 9
In many European countries, recycling has become a part of government policy. Modern technologies make it possible to produce new packaging, bottles and even clothes from household waste. Germany has also recently started a series of projects to encourage people to sort the rubbish they throw away. There are special containers of different colours that are meant for plastic, glass, paper and food. Those people who ignore the rules can be fined by the ’rubbish police’. Official laws also regulate the standards for rubbish packing, transportation and storage. These complex measures help to create a healthy environment in towns and cities.