100 вопросов и ответов про КЕТО. Практическое руководство

Victoria M Gershuni, Stephanie L Yan, Valentina Medici; Nutritional Ketosis for Weight Management and Reversal of Metabolic Syndrome. 2018 Sep;7 (3):97—106. PMID: 30128963

Taken together, keto-adaption is a prolonged process involving adaptations from multiple organs to generate and use KBs as an alternative energy source. It takes weeks for the body to start using KBs as an alternative energy source and may require months to reach an adequate and steady level. The biochemical mechanisms behind the shifts in fuel utilization are believed to be due to the modifications of enzymes essential in the process of KB production and utilization. Matthew Sherrier, Hongshuai Li: The impact of keto-adaptation on exercise performance and the role of metabolic-regulating cytokines. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 110, Issue 3, September 2019, Pages 562—573

Elizabeth Vargas; Neena V. Joy; Maria Alicia Carrillo Sepulveda. Biochemistry, Insulin Metabolic Effects. PMID: 30252239

«In type 2 diabetics, more patients have DN at the time of diagnosis of diabetes as type 2 diabetes can go unrecognized for years. «Andy KH Lim. Diabetic nephropathy – complications and treatment. PMID: 25342915

«Ketones are also beneficial for the kidney in distinct pathological conditions, including drug-induced nephrotoxicity, renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, nephrocalcinosis, polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and renal aging. The underlying mechanisms involve regulating gene expression and modulation of several signal transduction pathways that lead to oxidative stress reduction, suppression of inflammation, prevention of interstitial fibrosis development, and protection of renal cells from apoptosis and pyroptosis. «PedroRojas-MoralesabJos, Pedraza-Chaverrib, Edilia Tapia. Ketone bodies for kidney injury and disease. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arres.2021.100009

«Cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for both uncomplicated symptomatic cholelithiasis and gallbladder sludge with the characteristic biliary pain.» Carsten Gutt, Simon Schläfer, and Frank Lammert. The Treatment of Gallstone Disease. PMID: 32234195

Коллектив авторов. Effect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 32179679

«Lipolysis increases availability and use of FFA as the energy material for the mother’s body in place of glucose that is consumed mostly by the fetus. These mechanisms are responsible for increased ketogenesis during pregnancy and are three times higher at night among pregnant women than among nonpregnant women.» Agata Bronisz, Mateusz Ozorowski, Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska. Pregnancy Ketonemia and Development of the Fetal Central Nervous System. PMID: 29971100

«Hyperinsulinemia provoke increased androgen synthesis at the expense of decreased estrogen production.» Zsuzsanna Suba. Interplay between insulin resistance and estrogen deficiency as co- activators in carcinogenesis. PMID: 21984197

R Lanzi, L Luzi, A Caumo, A C Andreotti, M F Manzoni, M E Malighetti, L P Sereni, A E Pontiroli. Elevated insulin levels contribute to the reduced growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone in obese subjects. PMID: 10484056

«Cholesterol functions as a precursor molecule in the synthesis of vitamin D, steroid hormones (e.g., cortisol and aldosterone and adrenal androgens), and sex hormones (e.g., testosterone, estrogens, and progesterone).» Trevor Huff; Brandon Boyd; Ishwarlal Jialal. Physiology, Cholesterol. PMID: 29262185

«In addition, ketone bodies exert a restraining influence on muscle protein breakdown. If the muscle is plentifully supplied with other substrates for oxidation (such as fatty acids and ketone bodies, in this case), then the oxidation of muscle protein-derived amino acids is suppressed.» Manninen AH. Very-low-carbohydrate diets and preservation of muscle mass. PMID: 16448570

«Weight loss should be about 1 to 2 lb/week for a period of 6 months, with the subsequent strategy based on the amount of weight lost.» NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Obesity in Adults (US). Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Bethesda (MD): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 1998 Sep.

«For example, in skeletal muscle, insulin promotes glucose utilization and storage by increasing glucose transport and net glycogen synthesis. In liver, insulin activates glycogen synthesis, increases lipogenic gene expression, and decreases gluconeogenic gene expression. In white adipocyte tissue (WAT), insulin suppresses lipolysis and increases glucose transport and lipogenesis. "Max C. Petersen, Gerald I. Shulman: Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. PMID: 30067154

Susanne HA Holt, Janette C Brand Miller, and Peter Petocz. An insulin index of foods: the insulin demand generated by 1000-kJ portions of common foods. Am J Clin Nutr. PMID: 9356547

Так называемое «правильное питание», концепция которого заключается в употреблении натуральных продуктов, и при этом довольно сильном ограничении поступления жиров с пищей. Из-за неверного понимания концепции ПП человек может страдать от вечного голода, и демонизировать вообще все жиры.

Julie E. Holesh, Sanah Aslam, Andrew Martin. Physiology, Carbohydrates. Bookshelf ID: NBK459280

Коллектив авторов: The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800100-4.00003—9

Гайтон А. К., Холл Дж. Э. – Медицинская физиология, 2018. Глава 72. Факторы, регулирующие количество потребляемой пищи.

«However, not all carbohydrate-rich foods result in hyperglycemia when consumed. Differences in postprandial blood glucose responses to various carbohydrate-containing foods have also been demonstrated in both healthy and diabetic subjects, even when consumed in portions containing identical amounts of carbohydrate.» Eleazu CO. The concept of low glycemic index and glycemic load foods as panacea for type 2 diabetes mellitus; prospects, challenges and solutions. PMID: 27605962